Bacteraemia bacteria in the blood Bacilluria having bacteria in the urine Bacteriostatic preventing the growth of bacteria Basal Lamina one of two layers that form the basement membrane, a amorphous sheet which underlies epithelial cells Basal the base of a structure-usually that nearest to the body Basitarsus first and usually the largest segment of the tarsus BedbugCimex lectularius Bee-flies common name for Bombyliidae Bibionidae fever flies, March flies. Order Diptera Bifid split in two Biological Control control of pest species by the use of other living organisms Biotic living Bipectinate concerned mainly with the antennae-feathery like extensions projecting out from two sides of a central axis Biting Lice Mallophaga Biting Midges Ceratopogonidae Blattodea cockroaches Blister beetle Meloidae Bombus bumble-bees Bombyliidae bee-flies, order Diptera, suborder-Brachycera Bot Fly common name for Gasterophilidae and Oestridae Brachypterous to have short wings Buccal pertaing to the mouth Buffalo Gnats common name for blackflies, Simuliidae Bugs common term for Hemiptera Bulb rounded expansion of an organ Bursa Copulatrix part of female genitalia which receives sperm and the adeagus, used as an identifying structure Butterflies Lepidoptera Byrrhidae pill beetles, order Coleoptera Byssoid to consist of fine threads
Caddis Flies order Trichoptera Caecum a pouch in which in some animals houses a bacterial population which is involved in the digestion of cellulose Calliphoridae a suborder of Dipteran flies- blowflies such as greenbottles and bluebottles Callus rounded swelling used especially to describe swollen regions at the front and back of certain diptera Calopterygidae family of damselflies Calypter also known as the thoracic squama, the inner most of three outgrowths at the base of the wing in certain diptera Campanulate bell shaped Campodeiform concerning larva-elongated, flattened with developed legs and antennae, seen in many beetles Cantharidae family of soft-bodied beetles-soldier beetles and sailor beetles Capillary smallest, narrowest blood vessel in the blood circulatory system of a vertebrate Carabidae major family of beetles-groun beetles Cardo secondary jaw, comprised from basal segment of the maxilla Carina a pronounced ridge Caste one of the distinct forms that make up the population of social insects, in honeybees-queen, drone, worker Catabolism degradation of food molecules that results in energy Cauda terminal protrusion, such as that on aphid for manipulating honeydew Caudal concerning the tail end Cell area of wing formed by wing veination Cerci paired appendages, usually long arising from the end of the abdomen Cervical just behind the head, concerning the neck Chaetae stiff hairs, singular-chaeta Chaetotaxy arrangement of chaetae, important in classification especially in diptera Chitin polysaccharide material, tough relatively waterproof, forms bulk of insect cuticle Ciliated bearing minute setae, hairs in many non-insects Clavate distal end being swollen, club-shaped, usually referring to antennae Clavus posterior wing region in heteroptera Clypeus part of an insects face just above the labrum Coarctate concerning pupae-enclosed in last larval skin protecting pupa, seen in Cyclorrapha flies Cocoon silken case protecting pupa, seen in many Lepidoptera Contiguous meeting or touching Corbicula pollen basket on the hind leg of many bees Corium main part of wing in heteropteran bug Cornicle tubular outgrowths from the distal end of aphids, plural conicles Costa one of the major wing veins forming the front margin of the wing, abbreviated to C Costal cell cell formed between the costa and sub-costal vein Coxa basal leg segment, frequently fixed to body and immovable Cremaster cluster of small hooks, less often one large hook, used to grip pupal support in Lepidoptera pupa Cross-vein any vein joining two longitudinal veins Cubitus major longitudinal vein in the rear half of the wing, abbreviated to Cu Cuneus triangular region of forewing in some heteropteran bugs Cursorial adapted for running
Dentate with teeth Denticulate with small teeth like projections Diapause suspended animation seen in many immature stages of insects Discal Cell prominent often large cell near the center of the wing Dorsal concerning the back-upper surface of an animal Dorso-central Bristles two rows of setae running along either outer side of the acrostichal bristles on the thorax of diptera Dorso-lateral towards the dorsal surface Dorso-ventral towards the ventral-lower-surface Dorsum upper surface of an animal-the back
Ecdtsis moulting process in insects Ectoparasite parasite which lives on the outside of its host-fleas and lice are examples Elbowed Antenna antennae with a distinct bend, or angle, between two segments, usually the first and second Elytron tough forewing of beetles and earwigs, plural elytra Emarginate a distincy notch in the margin Embolium narrow region along the margin of the forewing in certain heteropteran bugs, seperated by a groove Empodium a either bristle-like or pad-like structure between the claws on the feet of diptera Endoparasite parasite that lives inside its host Endopterygote insect in which wings develop inside the body of early stages, total metamorphosis and a pupal stage are present Epimeron posterior part of any side wall of the three thoracic segments Epipharynx part of many insect mouth parts attached to the posterior surface of thelabrum Epiproct appendage arising from midline of last abdominal segment, just above the anus Episternum anterior part of any of the three thoracic segments Eruciform concerning larva-cylindrical with stumpy pseudopods at rear and true thoracic legs at front-caterpillars Exarate Pupa pupa with all appendages free Excavate hollow seen in the coxa of many beetles, the coxa are hollow to allow the housing of the femora when the legs are folded Exopterygote insect in which the wings develop gradually outside the body, incomplete metamorphosis and no pupal stage Exuvia old cast off skin of an arthropod Eye-cap a covering over the eye formed from the base of the antennae, seen in certain small moths
Facet surface of an ommatidium Femur third segment of an insects leg, often the largest Filament a thread like structure Filiform thread like, applied to the antennae Flabellate with projecting flaps on one side, applied usually to the antennae Flagellum distal pert of antennae, beyond the second segment Fossorial adapted for digging Frenulum coupling mechanism of fore and hind wings in moths Frons upper section of an insects face Frontal Bristles two vertical rows of bristles on the face of a fly Frontal-orbital Bristles short row of bristles on a fly's head between the frontal bristles and the eye Furcula forked spring of a springtail
Galea outer branch of the maxilla Gall abnormal growth seen in plants due to an insect within its tissues, commonly aphids, gall wasps and gall midges Gaster abdomen in Hymenoptera except for the first segment which is fused to the thorax Gena part of an insects head below the eye, the cheek Genal comb row of spines on the lower gena of certain fleas Geniculate abruptly bent Genitalia copulatory organs of an animal Genus closely related species sharing certain features Gill breathing organ of aquatic animals- in insects usually bodily outgrowths infused with tracheae Glabrous hairless Glossa one of a pair of lobes at the tip of labium, usually small, in honeybee are greatly elongated and used to suck up nectar Gynandromorph animal with a mixture of male and female characteristics
Haltere one of the balancing organs senn in dipteran flies, these club shaped organs are the modified rear wings Hamuli small hooks on the front edge of the hind wing to link it to the fore wing in Hymenoptera Haustellate organ for sucking liquids Hemelytron forewing of a heteropteran bug, has a membranous tip Hemimetabolous insect which has an incomplete metamorphic life cycle, no pupal stages Heteromerous unequal numbers of tarsal segments on all legs Holometabolous insect which has a complete metamorphic life cycle, with pupal stages Holoptic eyes touching on top of head, seen mainly in diptera Homonym two species which have been given the same scientific name, when discovered one species has to be renamed Honeydew sweet liquid extruded from the anus of aphids Host organism either on which or in which one or more parasites are living Humeral Angle front basal part of wing at the part close to its attachment to the thorax Humeral vein small cross vein in the humeral region of the wing running from the costa to the sub-costa Hyaline to be clear and colourless in structure Hypermetamorphosis life cycle in which there can be two or more different types of larvae Hyperparasite an organism which is parasitic on a parasite Hypognathous possessing a vertical head with mouthparts at the bottom Hypopharynx part of an insects mouth parts arising behind the mouth and in front of the labium Hypopleural Bristles row of bristles which curve round on the side of the thorax of some dipteran flies
Imago a adult insect Inquiline animal that shares a home with a unrelated animal with no apparent adverse effect on the animal Instar insect stages seen between moults Integument outer cuticle or epidermis of insect and helminthes Intercalary Vein longitudinal vein arising from the wing margin inwards but not connecting with any main veins
Joint an articulation between two parts Jugum thin lobe projecting from the base of the forewing and overlapping the hind wing linking the two together, seen in moths
Labellum expanded tip of labium, seen in many dipteran flies, used to soak up fluids Labial pertaining to the labium Labium lower lip of an insects mouth Labrium upper lip of an insects mouth Lacinia inner branch of the maxilla Lamella thin plate like structure Lamellate to possess lamellae often used in reference to antennae Larva name for immature insect that are different to adults-maggot differs from the adult fly Lateral the sides Ligulae the lobes at the tip of the labium
Mandible jaw of an insect, can be in many forms- drawn out to to a long hollow tube in mosquitoes or compact and toothed as in grasshoppers Mandibulate mandibles suited to biting and chewing Marginal Cell a cell in the wing bordering the outer front margin Mazilla one of two structures that lay behind the jaws in insects, plural maxillae Maxillary concerning the maxllae Media longitudinal vein running through the central region of the wing in most insects, abbreviated to M Membranous thin delicate structure, usually transparent Mesonotum dorsal surface of the second thoracic segment Mesopleuron sclerites that comprise the side walls of the mesothorax Mesoscutellum hindmost of the three divisions of the mesonotum, often more or less triangular Mesoscutum middle division of the mesonotum Mesosternum ventral surface of the mesothoracic sclerite Mesothorax second thoracic segment Metamorphosis changes seen in an insect as it transforms from larvae to adult Metanotum dorsal surface of metathorax Metapleuron sclerites comprising the side wall of metathorax Metatarsus basal segment of tarsus or foot Metathorax third segment of thorax Moniliform concerning antennae-bead-like segments, each seperated from the next Moult to shed the outer covering of the body
Nodus kink or notch on the costal region of a dragonfly wing, also used for the cross vein just behind the notch Notaulix one of the longitudinal grooves on the mesonotum of certain hymenopterans Notopleuron triangular region in certain diptera behind the humeral callus Notum dorsal surface of any thoracic segment Nymph young stages in hemimetabolous insects
Obtect Pupa pupa in which the appendages are fixed to the rest of body-butterfly chrysalis Occipital Suture groove running around the posterior of the head in some insects, it seperates the vertex from the occiput Occiput hind most region on the top of the head Ocellar Bristles bristles around or between occelli in certain flies Ocellar Triangles area usually distinct from the rest of the head on which occelli of diptera are housed Ocellus simple eyes of some insects, usually in groups of three on the top of the head Ommatidium single unit which together form the compound eye of insects Ootheca egg case produced by cockroaches and some other insects Oral Vibrissae large bristles situated just above the mouth in some diptera, usually referred to as vibrissae Oviparous egg laying Ovipositor structure used for egg laying, can be either concealed or very long as in some hymenopterans-Ichneumon wasps
Palp leg like structure comprised of varying numbers of segments arising from the maxilla, major role is food tasting Paraglossa paired lobes on the outer edges of the labium Paraproct one of two lobes found either side of the anus Parasite organism which spends either all or most of its life in association with another animal from which it acquires food Parthenogenesis reproduction in which eggs develop normally without fertilisation, common in aphids Pecten structure found on the base of the antennae in some insects-comb-like in structure Pectinate usually applied to antennae- fine branches that arise from a main axis Pedicel second antennal segment:also name given to the tiny waist of ants Petiolate attached by a narrow stalk, some warble fly eggs for example Petiole narrow waist of hymenoptera Pictured used to desribe mottled wings of certain Diptera and other insects Pilose densely covered in setae, antennae of male mosquitoes Pleural concerning the side walls of the body Pleural Suture vertical or diagonal groove on each of the thoracic pleura Pleuron side wall of a thoracic segment Plumose usually applied to antennae-having numerous feathery branches Pollen Basket pollen carrying region on the hind leg of bees-also called the corbicula Porrect extending horizontally forward, usually referring to the antennae Posterior facing or concerning the rear Postmentum basal region of the labium Postscutellum division of the mesonotum, well developed in some flies Post-vertical Bristles bristles found on the head of some flies behind the occelli, can be divergent, parallel, or crossing Pre-apical arising just before the tip Prementum distal region of the labium from which the labial palps and the ligula arise Prepupa a resting stage seen in some insects before entering the pupal stage Proboscis name given to various mouths that are designed for sucking Prognathous a horizontal head which has the mouth parts at the front Proleg a fleshy stumpy leg seen on some larval insect stages, blackfly larvae and caterpillars are examples Pronotal Comb row of spines on the hind region of the pronotum of some fleas Pronotum dorsal surface ar sclerite of the first thoracic segment Propodeum first abdominal segment in the Apocrita insect group, being fused with the thorax Prosternum ventral surface of the first thoracic segment Prothorax first thoracic segment
Radial Sector posterior of the two main branches of the radius, can have several branches of its own, abbreviated to Rs Radius one of the main longitudinal veins which runs near the front margin of the wing, abreviated to R Raptorial adapted to seizing to prey, birds of prey and the preying mantis Reticulate to be covered with a network pattern Rostrum beak, usually applied to a piecing mouth of a bug Rudimentary not well developed
Scape first antennal segment Scarabaeiform applied to larva, to have a thick body, strong legs on thorax and well developed head, lamellicorn beetle larvae Sclerite the individual hard plates that form the exoskeleton Scopa can be the brush setae or the pollen basket of bees used to collect pollen Scopula small tuft of setae Scutellum the third and major division of the dorsal surface of a thoracic segment
Tarsus insect foot Tegmen leathery forewing of certain insects, grasshopper for example Tegula lobe which overlies the base of the forewing Tergite primary sclerite forming dorsal surface of any body segment Tergum dorsal surface of any body segment Thorax middle of the three divisions seen in an insects body Tibia leg segment between the femur and the tarsus Trachea minute tube which permeates through the insects body carrying air to the cells Transverse Suture suture running across the thorax of many flies Triangle triangular region near the base of a dragonfly wing Triungulin active first instar of the oil beetle and some of its relatives Trochanter segment of the leg found between the coxa and the femur Truncate to end abruptly, squared off Tymbal sound producing organ of cicada Tympanum auditory membrane in certain insects
Ventral lower side of the body Vertex top of the head, between the eyes Vestigal poorly developed Viviparous to bear living active young rather than eggs
Wing pads the undevelope wings seen in nymphs, they appear as two flattened pads on opposing sides of the abdomen Workers name given to a type of caste found in social insects, in Hymenoptera they are sterile females, in Isoptera they can be male or female both of which are sterile
Yaw movement of a body in a lateral plane where the front region moves in one direction with the hind region moving in the corresponding opposite direction, occurs in flying and jumping insects
Zooneuston animals that are associated with the water surface e.g. Hemiptera-water measurer Zoonosis disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals Zymogenous organisms that are transient to a particular habitat Back to Homepage
